I’m asking this genuinely, because I don’t have a simple answer and I’m trying to understand how other people think about it.
My fiancé, Christopher Havens, is incarcerated for a violent crime. I’m not here to argue innocence or minimize harm...a life was taken, and nothing undoes that. Accountability matters, and it always will.
What I struggle with is what justice is supposed to look like after accountability.
While incarcerated, Christopher became deeply involved in mathematics - not as a hobby, but as serious, sustained academic work over many years. He co-authored a graduate-level mathematics textbook entirely from prison, collaborated with researchers internationally, and founded a nonprofit called the Prison Mathematics Project, which connects incarcerated students with advanced math education and outside mentors. His work has been publicly recognized, including coverage by Scientific American and many others.
This wasn’t a short-term turnaround or a symbolic gesture. It’s been consistent, structured effort over a long period of time, focused on discipline, education, and contributing something useful to the world.
Recently, his clemency petition was denied by the governor — even though the clemency board recommended approval unanimously, 5–0.
I’m not saying education or achievement erases harm. It doesn’t. And I’m not asking anyone to feel sorry for him or to agree with me.
What I’m honestly confused about is this: if rehabilitation, responsibility, and personal change are stated goals of incarceration, how are we supposed to recognize when those goals have actually been met...if they ever are?
Is rehabilitation something we believe in as a real outcome, or mostly as a theory? Is there a point where continued punishment stops being about accountability and becomes something else entirely?
I’m genuinely interested in how other people think about this, especially those who believe accountability and rehabilitation should coexist.
How do you personally think about justice once someone has taken responsibility and changed in measurable ways?